Normally, lateral rotation of the tibia increases from approximately 5 degrees at birth to approximately 15 degrees at maturity. Tibial torsion is the most common cause of intoeing. In a study by Mullaji et al to determine tibial torsion norms, individuals in India were found to have less tibial torsion than Caucasians but about the same amount as the Japanese population. The differences in normal tibial torsion values are expected to be caused by the different lifestyles and postures of the different populations, such as cross-legged sitting positions.

doelkens

2011-03-28T05:04:08Z

human_phenotype

HP:0100694