There are cellular contributions from all three embryonic germ layers: pharyngeal mesoderm, endoderm and neural crest that migrates out of the ectoderm (Noden, 1983).

TODO - move ZFA:0001227 (it is the entire jaw skeleton).

Skeletal and cartilage elements of the first pharyngeal arch.[TAO]

in FMA, the jaw is an organism subdivision cluster, and includes mucosal tissue such as the gingiva as parts. It appears to be skeletal in MA (and has teeth as parts). It is reasonable to assume that ZFA and XAO consider the upper and lower jaws to be skeletal elements or clusters. EHDAA2 also considers these clusters. TODO - follow EHDAA2 model. These arbitrary differences in terminology and classification have to be reconciled with the genuine well-known biological differences in the skeletal elements across vertebrates

uberon

jaws, pharyngeal arch 1 skeleton, mandibular arch, anterior splanchnocranium, oral jaw skeleton, visceral arch 1

UBERON:0001708

• diastema between incisors

• mandible
• maxilla

• jaw region

• interdental plate
• skeleton of lower jaw
• skeleton of upper jaw
• alveolar ridge
• diastema
• bone of jaw