Terminology Service < Semantic Lookup Platform

All terms in UNIPROT

Label	Id	Description
Lipase member H	Q32PY2	[Function: Hydrolyzes specifically phosphatidic acid (PA) to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA).]
Protein spinster homolog 2	Q8IVW8	[Function: Acts a a crucial lysosphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) transporter involved in S1P secretion and function (PubMed:19074308, PubMed:23180825). S1P is a bioactive signaling molecule that regulates many physiological processes important for the development and for the immune system. Regulates levels of S1P and the S1P gradient that exists between the high circulating concentrations of S1P and low tissue levels that control lymphocyte trafficking (PubMed:19074308, PubMed:23180825).]
Uncharacterized protein C1orf131	Q8NDD1
Calicin	Q8CDE2	[Function: Possible morphogenetic cytoskeletal element in spermiogenic differentiation.]
AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 3B	Q8IVW6	[Function: Transcription factor which may be involved in neuroblastoma growth and malignant transformation. Favors nuclear targeting of ARID3A.]
AFG1-like ATPase	Q32PX9	[Function: Putative mitochondrial ATPase. Plays a role in mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial protein metabolism. Promotes degradation of excess nuclear-encoded complex IV subunits (COX4I1, COX5A and COX6A1) and normal activity of complexes III and IV of the respiratory chain. Mediates mitochondrial translocation of TP53 and its transcription-independent apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress.]
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 3	Q8IVW4
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13	Q6Q7Y5	[Function: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems (PubMed:12176367). Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF1/p115RhoGEF, ARHGEF11/PDZ-RhoGEF and ARHGEF12/LARG) (By similarity). GNA13-dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP-1 (activating protein-1) (By similarity). Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activating RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway (By similarity). Inhibits CDH1-mediated cell adhesion in process independent from Rho activation (By similarity).]
Far upstream element-binding protein 1	Q32PX7	[Function: Regulates MYC expression by binding to a single-stranded far-upstream element (FUSE) upstream of the MYC promoter. May act both as activator and repressor of transcription (By similarity).]
Beta-galactosidase-1-like protein 2	Q8IW92
Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 6	Q32Q92	[Function: Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH (PubMed:17613526). Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 6/ACOT6 catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytanoyl-CoA and pristanoyl-CoA, two methyl-branched fatty acids derived from phytol, that enter the body via the diet (PubMed:17613526).]
Aminoacyl tRNA synthase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 2	Q32PX2	[Function: Required for assembly and stability of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthase complex. Mediates ubiquitination and degradation of FUBP1, a transcriptional activator of MYC, leading to MYC down-regulation which is required for aveolar type II cell differentiation. Blocks MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53/TP53. Functions as a proapoptotic factor.]
Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 8	Q32Q90	[Function: Required for cytochrome c complex (COX) IV assembly and function Protects COX assembly from oxidation-induced degradation, COX being the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.]
RAS guanyl-releasing protein 2	Q7LDG7	[Function: Functions as a calcium- and DAG-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Rap through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. May also activates other GTPases such as RRAS, RRAS2, NRAS, KRAS but not HRAS. Functions in aggregation of platelets and adhesion of T-lymphocytes and neutrophils probably through inside-out integrin activation. May function in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1/CHRM1 signaling pathway.]
piRNA biogenesis protein EXD1	Q8CDF7	[Function: RNA-binding component of the PET complex, a multiprotein complex required for the processing of piRNAs during spermatogenesis. The piRNA metabolic process mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposable elements, preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity (PubMed:26669262). The PET complex is required during the secondary piRNAs metabolic process for the PIWIL2 slicing-triggered loading of PIWIL4 piRNAs. In the PET complex, EXD1 probably acts as an RNA adapter. EXD1 is an inactive exonuclease (By similarity).]
Antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I	Q6Q899	[Function: Innate immune receptor that senses cytoplasmic viral nucleic acids and activates a downstream signaling cascade leading to the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Forms a ribonucleoprotein complex with viral RNAs on which it homooligomerizes to form filaments. The homooligomerization allows the recruitment of RNF135 an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that activates and amplifies the RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling in an RNA length-dependent manner through ubiquitination-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Upon activation, associates with mitochondria antiviral signaling protein (MAVS/IPS1) that activates the IKK-related kinases TBK1 and IKBKE which in turn phosphorylate the interferon regulatory factors IRF3 and IRF7, activating transcription of antiviral immunological genes including the IFN-alpha and IFN-beta interferons. Ligands include: 5'-triphosphorylated ssRNA and dsRNA and short dsRNA (<1 kb in length). In addition to the 5'-triphosphate moiety, blunt-end base pairing at the 5'-end of the RNA is very essential. Overhangs at the non-triphosphorylated end of the dsRNA RNA have no major impact on its activity. A 3'overhang at the 5'triphosphate end decreases and any 5'overhang at the 5' triphosphate end abolishes its activity. Detects both positive and negative strand RNA viruses including members of the families Paramyxoviridae: newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Sendai virus (SeV), Rhabdoviridae: vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Orthomyxoviridae: influenza A and B virus, Flaviviridae: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), dengue virus (DENV) and west Nile virus (WNV). It also detects rotavirus and orthoreovirus. Also involved in antiviral signaling in response to viruses containing a dsDNA genome such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Detects dsRNA produced from non-self dsDNA by RNA polymerase III, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs). May play important roles in granulocyte production and differentiation, bacterial phagocytosis and in the regulation of cell migration.]
Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2	Q701R3	[Function: Transfers sialic acid from the donor of substrate CMP-sialic acid to galactose containing acceptor substrates. Has alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity toward oligosaccharides that have the Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc sequence at the non-reducing end of their carbohydrate groups, but it has weak or no activities toward glycoproteins and glycolipids.]
Cryptochrome-1	Q32Q86	[Function: Transcriptional repressor which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and renal function. Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers (German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks through neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components (CLOCK, NPAS2, ARNTL/BMAL1, ARNTL2/BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important for determining the period (tau) of the rhythms (tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the ultradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and ARNTL/BMAL1 or ARNTL2/BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes: PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK\|NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1\|ARNTL2/BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively regulating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1/2 and RORA/B/G, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress ARNTL/BMAL1 transcription, respectively. CRY1 and CRY2 have redundant functions but also differential and selective contributions at least in defining the pace of the SCN circadian clock and its circadian transcriptional outputs. More potent transcriptional repressor in cerebellum and liver than CRY2, though more effective in lengthening the period of the SCN oscillator. On its side, CRY2 seems to play a critical role in tuning SCN circadian period by opposing the action of CRY1. With CRY2, is dispensable for circadian rhythm generation but necessary for the development of intercellular networks for rhythm synchrony. Capable of translocating circadian clock core proteins such as PER proteins to the nucleus. Interacts with CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 independently of PER proteins and is found at CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1-bound sites, suggesting that CRY may act as a molecular gatekeeper to maintain CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 in a poised and repressed state until the proper time for transcriptional activation. Represses the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 induced transcription of BHLHE40/DEC1, ATF4, MTA1, KLF10 and NAMPT. May repress circadian target genes expression in collaboration with HDAC1 and HDAC2 through histone deacetylation. Mediates the clock-control activation of ATR and modulates ATR-mediated DNA damage checkpoint. In liver, mediates circadian regulation of cAMP signaling and gluconeogenesis by binding to membrane-coupled G proteins and blocking glucagon-mediated increases in intracellular cAMP concentrations and CREB1 phosphorylation. Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis by decreasing nuclear FOXO1 levels that downregulates gluconeogenic gene expression. Besides its role in the maintenance of the circadian clock, is also involved in the regulation of other processes. Represses glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1/GR-induced transcriptional activity by binding to glucocorticoid response elements (GREs). Plays a key role in glucose and lipid metabolism modulation, in part, through the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in these pathways, such as LEP or ACSL4 (By similarity). Represses PPARD and its target genes in the skeletal muscle and limits exercise capacity (By similarity). Plays an essential role in the generation of circadian rhythms in the retina (By similarity). Represses the transcriptional activity of NR1I2 (By similarity).]
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 19	Q8IW93	[Function: Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPase.]
Terminal nucleotidyltransferase 4B	Q8NDF8	[Function: Terminal nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes preferentially the transfert of ATP and GTP on RNA 3' poly(A) tail creating a heterogeneous 3' poly(A) tail leading to mRNAs stabilization by protecting mRNAs from active deadenylation (PubMed:21788334, PubMed:30026317). Also functions as a catalytic subunit of a TRAMP-like complex which has a poly(A) RNA polymerase activity and is involved in a post-transcriptional quality control mechanism. Polyadenylation with short oligo(A) tails is required for the degradative activity of the exosome on several of its nuclear RNA substrates. Doesn't need a cofactor for polyadenylation activity (in vitro) (PubMed:21788334, PubMed:21855801). Required for cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNAs involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including the glucose transporter SLC2A1/GLUT1 (PubMed:28383716). Plays a role in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation, probably through terminal uridylation of mature histone mRNAs. May play a role in sister chromatid cohesion (PubMed:18172165). Mediates 3' adenylation of the microRNA MIR21 followed by its 3'-to-5' trimming by the exoribonuclease PARN leading to degradation (PubMed:25049417). Mediates 3' adenylation of H/ACA box snoRNAs (small nucleolar RNAs) followed by its 3'-to-5' trimming by the exoribonuclease PARN which enhances snoRNA stability and maturation (PubMed:22442037).]